James Brown in 1960s America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

James Brown in 1960s America - Essay Example It is in large part a testament to his adaptability and creative genius that Brown’s music evolved through the ‘60’s with such apparent ease. Building on his musical roots in African-American jazz and blues, Brown reached out to a broader and increasingly-eclectic audience as the decade unfolded. Whereas his music had at first been performed for and pitched to a predominately black market, by the mid-‘60’s his hits were to be found on the pop as well as R&B charts. Evidence of his broad appeal and ability to appropriate new elements into his music is clearly heralded in his 1965 hit single Papa’s Got a Brand New Bag: Come here mama, and dig this crazy scene; He’s not too fancy, but his line is pretty clean. He ain’t no drag. Papa’s got a brand new bag. Listed among â€Å"Papa’s† new tricks was a series of new dance moves that were sweeping the nation and scandalizing parents—among them, the jerk, the fly, the monkey, and the mashed potato. Since very little art is produced in isolation, it is impossible to evaluate Brown’s music and his influence on the American music scene without also looking closely at the tumultuous changes that were straining the cultural fabric of 1960’s America. Much has been written about this remarkable decade and of the social movements that characterized it. In the short span of those ten years, Americans made their first flights into space, took dramatic strides toward ending segregation, became mired in a costly and unpopular war in Vietnam, and assassinated four of their most visionary leaders.

ASSIGN WRITER #4328 - Philosophy Unit - Business & Professional Ethics Essay

ASSIGN WRITER #4328 - Philosophy Unit - Business & Professional Ethics Journal Entries - Essay Example The primary role of an organisation, however, is to maximise profit, this is often best achieved by globalising, and this too is an ethical consideration for them in terms of self interest one. Thus, business imperatives and environmental concerns are often at odds with each other. Domestic household waste is also an environmental hazard yet householders are not penalised for not recycling or for purchasing products with environmentally damaging packaging, why then must there be an obligation for business owners and not wider society? Yet, the current state of the environment is a global concern with scientists only forecasting so many years before we pass the point of no return. Adopting an environmental ethic is a must for organisations but seeking a less damaging approach to globalisation is an alternative to the forced localisation that Norberg- Hodge (2001) is suggesting, which may also be unethical. Globalising businesses should place an onus on reducing carbon emissions but sh ould they have to cease international trade to do so? Childhood obesity has officially reached epidemic proportions but as Michele Simon points out in Government Abandons Children to Big Food (2006) food and beverage companies still refuse to take any social responsibility and curb advertising deliberately aimed at children. There are numerous ways that companies target children, companies deliberately purchase advertising time slots to air advertisements during children’s programming and specifically market to the child. Persistent children then harangue unsuspecting parents; the ethical consideration here is whether or not companies should be permitted to target children. This type of marketing also encourages social divide when parents can not afford or are themselves ethically opposed to the food or beverage being advertised, children who are

Antisocial Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Antisocial Behaviour Essay In Britain antisocial behaviour between young people is a widely argued subject in the British media. More and more Brits at the age 13-18 are dropping out of school or work-based training and refuse to return. These young people are more than likely to face criminal action possibly leading to a fine or community sentence. But when we are talking about the term â€Å"Anti-social Behaviour†, then we need to know what it exactly means. The British â€Å"crime disorder act† of 1998 describes the term n anti-social manner, that is to say, in a manner that caused or was likely to cause harassment, alarm or distress to one or more persons So to simplify, Antisocial behaviour is when a person is forced by his or hers environment to cause harassment to one-self or the persons surroundings, and as far as I understand the subject antisocial behaviour does not have to be of criminal nature, but it is more than likely to be so. In 2007 the percentage of 16 to 17-year-olds not in education, employment or training was 9 percent. It is exactly these young people who are the targets for becoming antisocial. So how do you make sure that these unfortunate teenagers don’t end in this so unfortunate situation and is it possible to force the teenagers to behave in a more civilised way? There are actually many suggestions for a solution to this nationwide problem. Some of them are quit controversial and are more likely to stop antisocial teenagers doing crime, than to prevent teenagers to not at all become antisocial. One of these alternative solutions is the â€Å"Mosquito† which is a sonic device that gives out a piercing noise audible only to teenagers and people in there early twenties. This device has been installed as a â€Å"yob† (slang for an antisocial person) deterrent at nearly 3,000 locations such as grocers and shopping malls across Great Britain. This Mosquito is a camouflaged speaker box not larger than shoebox and it sends out a pulse at 18 kilohertz which in the last end will give the young people acting antisocial in front of the store a terrible headache so they quickly leave the store. This method of fighting antisocial behaviour among teens has been shown very effective. In some stores in the UK crime outside the stores had dropped by 83 % since the device was installed. The device has actually earned so much respect among shopkeepers and government officials that some are considering that the Mosquito should be obligatory by law in most public places by night. So it is quite obvious to see all the positive aspects but not all are so enthusiastic. Chief constables in Britain say they are scared the Mosquito is going to infringe human rights. Authorities say that the device is indiscriminating and that people should consider the effects on the young people, because not all young people are antisocial yobs. So you can see that the meanings about the Mosquito vary quite a lot. The device is very effective against the teens that already are in the antisocial environment but the device is not at all preventive. So what could be done if you the British teenagers to not even think about becoming antisocial. The British former PM Tony Blair wants to force errant schoolchildren back to school by using dedicated truancy officers which will be deployed in the 200 schools with biggest yob and truancy problems. This plan spans over using more than ? 70m to stamp out antisocial behaviour, as well as 24,000 community support officers will also be conducting these truancy sweeps so they can force the teens back to school. The plan does also include tougher punishments to the yobs when they get caught. This is of course a very controversial method to tackle antisocial behaviour but it could be showing really effective because it is preventive and helps the teenagers in trouble before they become antisocial yobs. But of course as mentioned by opponents of the plan, the plan is so ambitious and expensive that it more looks like â€Å"a mish-mash of gimmick and spin† than an actual plan, which within realistic measures would be preventive without costing the country enormous amounts of money and labour. So here we have two very different plans which in two very different ways will deal with two very important parts of the subject antisocial behaviour among British teens. I do not think that there is any exactly solution to this very important problem in British cities, small towns and schools but of course the Mosquito has already proven its worth in more than 3,000 locations with success and has made it safer for those people being harassed by the yobs in the public. But unfortunately the Mosquito does not help educating the teens; it just makes the yobs find an other place for them to be at. The most important factor in this case is that you need to stop the antisocial behaviour in its process and not when it already has affected the young teenagers. So perhaps Tony Blair’s plan is the right way to do it, though I personally believe that the plan is way too focussed on hard punishment than in are pedagogical way. I don’t believe that tough punishment is the way of teaching youngsters today.

The Power of Fate vs. Free

The Power of Fate vs. Free Will Essay 1001 Nights has many stories, with the same theme fate vs. free will. In these stories several characters have to deal with the choices they make and their outcome. What is fate verse free will? Fate could be more destined to happen, as free will could be the ability to do what you want, and pursue your interests. In the story, aâ‚ ¬? The Enchanted Horse,aâ‚ ¬? it was either fate or free will of man that decided the outcome of the story. In ancient times fate was considered to be part of life. Almost every aspect of life was based upon fate. An example of fate in aâ‚ ¬? The Enchanted Horse,aâ‚ ¬? would be when the king did not allow the Indianaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reward to marry the princess, so the Indian tricked the Prince into riding the horse. The Indian was locked away in prison by the King for allowing the prince to leave on the magic horse, Well, your head shall answer for it, returned the monarch, and if in three months he is not safe back with me, or at any rate does not send me news of his safety, your life shall pay the penalty. So saying, he ordered his guards to seize the Indian and throw him into prison. (Lane Pg 1). This quote from the story shows how this story could be choosing fate for not only the prince but also the Indian. This quote once said by someone can relate to this topic and story in several ways: It is my fate to control my destiny, and it is my destiny to control my fate, People have free will and can decide how their life turns out. Regarding kings, magic, and genies, mankind has the ability to control their lives. In the story the prince had the choice to fly around or go back home after discovering the switch on the horses neck but chose to find a princess instead. He then remembered that he had never waited to ask how he was to get back to again, and understood the danger in which he stood. Luckily, he did not lose his head, and set about examining the horses neck with great care, till at last, to his intense joy, he discovered a tiny little peg, much smaller than the other, close to the right ear. This he turned, and found him-self dropping to the earth, though more slowly than he had left it. (Lane pg 2) Towards the end of the story he won over the princess by beating the kings large army. By the prince choosing free will he chose a cause and effect to take place. He chose to find a princess instead of willing able to return home. After reading the story it was hard to distinguish which is best, fate or free will. It is the enchanting story that keeps you wondering which will it be. Fate and free will both decide the turn out of the prince in this story. With the help of the magic, trickery, and kings in the story, that helped show the themes of fate and free will.

Motherhood and the Politics of Native Americans :: Culture Cultural Sociology Essays

Motherhood and the Politics of Native Americans Community, rituals, magical beliefs and practices are very important things to Native American people. Native American people live by these rituals and beliefs, they live around their community; their community isn’t just that, but their family as well. Parents don’t just raise their children but the whole community has a hand in raising all of the children. Family is a very important part of Native American people’s lives, they keep traditions going with their families, parents raise their children the same way that they were raised by their parents. â€Å"Reclaiming Culture and the Land: Motherhood and the Politics of Sustaining Community† is about a mother who is a Native American activist who has two children, she wants them to be raised and go to school in an Indian community. â€Å"I put my children in that school because I wanted them to be in the Indian community.† She explains that she is not sure if her children know what she is doing is common, but they know that what she is doing is right. â€Å"My children do have the sense that what I do is not necessarily common. Recently my daughter started asking me if I’m famous.† She has fought for her children to have a good life, full of community, ritual, and an understanding of who they are and where they come from. â€Å"Body Ritual Among the Nacirema† explains that magical beliefs and practices is a big part of being Native American. They feel that they must practice their rituals daily to get a sense of belonging in the community. Nacirema Indians have a shrine which they keep charms and magical potions. They believe without them, no member can live. They perform rituals with these potions to make the ill healthy again, once the potion has been used it is put in the shrine box to be kept; normally these boxes are full or overflowing with potions. There are so many that the Narcirema Indians normally don’t know what all of them are and what they do, so they don’t use them again. One of the most common rituals performed is the mouth-rite; this includes inserting a small bundle of hog hairs into the mouth, along with magical powders, and then moving the bundle around in the mouth in a highly formalized series of gestures.

Attention Deficit Disorder :: essays research papers fc

Attention Deficit Disorder   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For centuries children have been grounded, beaten, or even killed for ignoring the rules or not listening to what they're told. In the past it was thought these †bad† kids were the products of bad parenting, bad environment, or simply being stubborn, however it is now known that many of these children may have had Attention Deficit Disorder, or A. D. D., and could've been helped. A. D. D. is a syndrome that affects millions of children and adults in the United States and is a very frustrating and confusing syndrome that often goes undiagnosed. While there is no clear-cut definition of A. D. D., it's known that it's a genetic disorder that affects males more often than females, in a 3:1 ratio, and is marked by a classic triad of symptoms, which are impulsivity, distractibility, and hyperactivity (Hallowell 6). There are two general types of A. D. D., the stereotypical, high-energy, hyperactive group, and the less known underactive ones that often daydream and are never mentally present anywhere. Typically, people with A. D. D. are very likable and are usually very emphatic, intuitive, and compassionate, however they have very unstable moods that can range from an extreme high to an extreme low instantly, for no apparent reason. Usually, they procrastinate often and have trouble finishing projects, while conversely, they can hyperfocus at times and accomplish tasks more quickly and efficiently than a normal person could. Often they have short tempers and lack the impulse to stop themselves from blowing up over minor details (Hallowell 10). Although A. D. D. has just recently been discovered and there is still relatively little known about it, it has an interesting history. In 1902, George Frederic Still first thought that the dilemma of problem children was a biological defect inherited from an injury at birth and not the result of bad parenting. In the 1930's and '40's stimulant drugs were first used to successfully treat many behavior problems due partly to Still's hypothesis. In 1960, Stella Chess further boosted research in the field by writing about the â€Å" hyperactive child syndrome.† She stated that the behavior problems weren't a product of injury at birth, but instead were inherited genetically. Finally, in 1980, the syndrome was named A. D. D., due in large part to Virginia Douglas' work to find accurate ways to diagnose it (Hallowell 12). Formally, A. D. D. comes in two types: A. D. D. with hyperactivity and A. D. D. without hyperactivity (Hallowell 9). However there are several other subtypes that are used to diagnose the syndrome and aren't formally recognized.

Caribbean Essay -- essays research papers

Many people will think of Caribbean Islands as a nice place for a getaway vacation. But historical background of Caribbean is somewhat different. Caribbean has a long history of colonization and slavery for many generations. As new colonization was established, new cultures and languages were introduced.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People tends to only focus on the bright side of the Columbus ¡Ã‚ ¯s great discover of the new land and colonization of the European countries and can easily forget about the destruction and the damages of the lives of native countries. who were the first Caribbean long before the Columbus ¡Ã‚ ¯s discovery, were almost wiped out by the cruel invasion of the European countries along with their cultures and their languages. The Europeans seized Caribbean but when they need the slaves for the sugar industries, they were brought from all different parts of Africa as a human cargo. Among the slaves, they had many cultural differences as well as languages themselves because they were brought from different regions of Africa.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When slavery was abandoned throughout the Caribbean in mid-nineteenth century, the economic and political structure that controlled the island remained. The exslaves were forced to work below the minimum wages. Large number of Caribbean emigrated hoping to find better economical opportunities. In order to replace the missing number of workers, many Asian immigrants were brought to Caribbean. This resulted i...

Mark Edmundson’s Critique

Critique: Our Views of Online Education In Mark Edmundson's article discussing online education, he makes many valid points about an online education short comings. His reaction, however, is based solely on traditional education and is limited to such online study. He focuses primarily on student teacher interaction and oftentimes states how such communication cannot be factored into online courses. He argues that a large lecture course with face to face contact and student teacher dialogue benefits the student more; opposed to online courses with contrasting features.While this is valid, Edmundson does not consider that these issues can be worked around and that there are many pros to online education as well. Edmundson’s passage states teacher-student interaction is vital in obtaining an education. This particular form of contact has proven to keep students engaged in the learning process. Also, teacher-student interaction allows for teachers to monitor each individual stude nts’ progressions and shortcomings throughout the course of study.In Edmundson's article, he states that teachers should make it necessary to learn who their students are and adapt to their ways of learning as well as helping them grow. I strongly agree with this point of view. Many times, students who are having a hard time grasping studies find themselves somewhat bashful or embarrassed and become hesitant to speak up. This causes them to be outshined by others who may be more vocal and grasp the information quicker. Having that teacher-student connection with online education is extremely vital. Since you're not studying in a traditional classroom, you'll also miss having face time with other students.This can deprive you of important networking opportunities for your future career, as well as basic social interaction. The article states that Edmundson is adamant that in order for students to excel and obtain information, a teacher should be adaptive to their students lear ning style. Having real life courses are extremely helpful in this case. Individuals who are more comfortable with one on one meetings should totally be allotted the option of having a professor on hand to call on and meet with. Also, students who adapt more to group learning need real courses as well.Having course mates and interacting in open course discussions are great examples of the benefits of teacher-student interaction. It is also proven that students can; in fact, teach teachers. Open course discussions are the perfect time to share. When studying an appointed topic, some students go above and beyond the requirements and obtain additional knowledge that the teacher or students may or may not know. Edmundson makes several valid points about being opposed to online education. He speaks volumes about the pros of choosing a traditional, face to face education.In some ways, I agree with his argument that not having that interaction amongst the teacher and student kills the stud ents chance of receiving fair education. However, I disagree with some other things he stated. What Edmundson fails to consider is the mere fact that online teachers carry the same capabilities as traditional teachers. Students’ progress can still be monitored, test and other assignments can still be administered and in the end, grades will still be obtained. Although there is no physical connection, the online teacher can still communicate and work online with their students’ via-email and lectures.The downside of email communication is that delay time in an answer being received. There are some online schools which have courses with virtual lectures or conference lectures which give an overall classroom feeling where there is dialogue. In my opinion, online college instructors gain access to students that is at least equal to the access to students of those instructors who are teaching courses in traditional colleges. Online colleges also serve as an alternative for some aspiring students who cannot attend traditional colleges.These may be students who have encountered hardships that eliminate their option to attend a traditional school. Online schools may, in this case, serve as an alternative; online college may be more convenient. Aspiring students seeking to pursue or further their education may be wrapped up in day to day chaos that enables them to reach a campus and online courses just may fit with their busy schedules. In some cases, lack of transportation may be a rendering factor as well. Another riveting factor may be monetary situations; online colleges may have courses that are more affordable than those of a traditional university.Edmundson's article was captivating and indeed informative. He metaphorically spoke of a teacher being taught by a student which caught my attention. Had that teacher ever been that student? It's a cycle that I'm sure will not end. A degree is in fact the goal. Whether it's online schools or â€Å"real l ife† a degree is sought. Teachers and students, in my opinion, should at some point in time have some sort of physical communication but that is not that a vital source of learning. If an education is sought it can be obtained regardless of any physical contact. The source of education ultimately depends on the students drive and initiative.

Organization Culture of Harley Davidson Essay

Harley Davidson has a strong organizational culture. The organization transformed its business strategy and aligned its organization strategy to meet the challenges it faced from low cost and fuel efficient Japanese competitors in the late 1970’s. However, the introduction of an online biker community could require certain changes in the organization culture. These changes discussed below will not be radical in nature and would only further strengthen the culture that exists at Harley Davidson and the contribution the culture makes to make the brand a cult. Aspirers and owners perceive Harley Davidson to possess a brand persona that liberates, excites and gives them a sense of identity while still being part of a large family. To strengthen this positioning the organization should continue to focus on its endeavor to make it a gender neutral organization and continue to provide women a succession path in the organizational hierarchy. The organization needs to work a bit harder in achieving an ethnically diverse mix of employees. This is as necessary as the focus on diverse mix of employees coupled with the current organizational encouragement towards ideation would help make the online community a success. The diverse mix of employees will bring together the behavioral understanding required to motivate people to join the community and ensure sustained participation in the community. As even though the initial membership can be offered free with the purchase of an Harley Davidson, subsequent years would require the community member to be motivated enough to go for a paid subscription. The organizations current emphasis on learning should incorporate sharing of ‘learning’s’ that employees have across diverse geographical markets and with a diverse demographic customer base. This would help foster a greater understanding of the needs and wants of an online community and package offerings that would help subscribers gain the maximum. There are a lot of cross functional teams and specialized teams within the organization. This could be a challenge as well as an opportunity. The organizational culture should imbibe a sense of participation amongst various teams to promote the online community. All teams involved including the sales function, brand promotion, technical teams and others need to feel that the selling the online concept is part of the overall organizational strategy. Also all teams/roles have to ensure that operational and strategic support is provided towards this goal. However the entire premise of the online community is the values that the brand seemingly upholds. The organization culture should be continuously strengthened around the ethos of freedom of expression and being part of a larger community to make the online endeavor a success.

The Malaysian Issues of Teens and Sexuality

The Malaysian issues of teens and sexuality. Teen pregnancies have been a virus that recently sprung out in Malaysia; it is only more recently that we have seen the growth and its severity affecting the youth. Are Malaysian teen not receiving enough sex education causing the statistic to rise even further? This question how teen pregnancy has evolved and how times have changed bringing upon a serious social issue. To begin, the statistic provided by Ministry of Health (MOH) published by The STAR newspaper (22th September 2012), there are 18,532 pregnant teens age ranged from 10-19 years old in the year 2011.There are 4222 that were unmarried. It is more than 30 % pregnant teens that were unmarried. The statistics also show a drastic rise between the number of pregnancies and unwed teenagers. As teenager become more sexually active, doctors and the MOH are sounding over the increase in the rate; we often ask is having â€Å"it† worth it? Most sexual activity that happens to tee nagers below 20 years old, leads not only to unwanted pregnancies but also cases like baby dumping and also illegal abortion. Getting pregnant is only the beginning; there would be more decision to make and choices to choose from further down the road.Pregnancies among teenager mostly begin with the talk of sexual activity. According to the article â€Å"Porn story service a teen bestseller† complied by Winnie Yeoh of The Star Online, the Malaysian teenager get erotic contents on their phones. as the world moves to a modern era, the youngsters were subscribing to an Indonesian pornographic story on their smart phones for RM 17 a week. They would gather and talk about it while feasting on the dirty pictures. This is one of the reason why more and more of them would fall into the teenage pregnancy trap.When interviewed, Rosli (not his real name) states that they were unaware of the consequences of free sex and not using contraception. The social change that leads to this is mos t of the time related to a change in the nature of adolescence. At the age of 10-19, most of the teenager reaches the level of puberty and curiosity to try out sex rages. Some violated the use of the internet to search and research on the term â€Å"sex†. Others may find alternative to satisfy their need thru pirated cd and magazines. Many problems arise from the curiosity of teenager towards the topic of sex. They

The Many Methods Sociological Research †Sociology Essay

The Many Methods Sociological Research – Sociology Essay Free Online Research Papers The Many Methods Sociological Research Sociology Essay In sociology, there are four social research methods used to perform experiments. After a researcher has identified what he or she will be researching, the researcher will choose the best method to use to test their experiment. Each method has different strengths in completing a research. At times, a combination of two will enforce a better result. The four research methods a researcher could use would be experiment research, survey research, field observation, and use of existing data sources. At first, the researcher has to come up with a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a single statement about reality that can be tested (Farley25). This is then used to test a piece of a theory. It is possible to observe whether things happen the way the hypothesis claims that it will occur. A hypothesis is always a statement, never a question (25). There are very many variables, which are used in an experiment. A variable is a concept that can either take on different values or has two or more categories. There are two kinds of variables: independent and dependent. An independent variable is a variable that the researcher thinks is a cause, which influences the other variable. The cause must always come before the effect. For example, a person cannot do something today that will cause something to happen yesterday (26). A dependent variable, on the other hand, is a variable that the researcher thinks is the effect. The first research method is an experiment research. This is research that is carried out in a situation that is under the control the researcher (Farley28). This method is used when the research is based on how a situation may change if and independent variable is added to the situation. An experiment must have two groups that are similar in education, race, and age. There needs to be a control group and an experimental group. An experimental group goes through an experience while a control group goes through the pretest and posttest. Both groups need to be measured before and after the experiment. The control group is measured at the beginning of the period and then measured at the end of the period. But the control group is not put in a different situation that the group began in. The experimental group is measured at the beginning of the period, and then tested through the experiment, and then the group is measured again at the end of the period to see if there was any change to the group. The second research method is conducting a survey to gather information to test a hypothesis. A survey research is any research in which a population is asked a set of questions that are worked out in advance by the researcher. This method is used with a large population or a sample of the population. A sample is a subset of a population that is used to represent the entire population. The survey can consist of a questionnaire, a telephone interview, or a personal interview. Each survey will give a different result because of non- personal interaction and personal interaction. There are two types of questions. The first is a fixed response that is multiple choice and easy to process. The second one is open ended which the person writes his or here own answers in his her own words to the question.In a questionnaire, the people answer the survey by marking answers on the survey form. Theses surveys are very simple and inexpensive but the researcher might not always know when people have a problem understanding the questions. Another disadvantage of a mail- out/ mail- back questionnaire is the low rate response. How many people do you really think would take the time to fill out survey in the mail? A response can be improved if handed to a group to fill out right there on the spot. They can be given out perhaps at work or even in a classroom. A telephone interview has quick results. While the researcher is on the phone, he or she can type in the answers that are given and have results within seconds. Telephone interviews have a better response rate than questionnaires. Out of all of these, a person interview would be the most reliable method to use. The researcher can see the expressions on a person’s face or they can even explain the question better than in a questionnaire. There are some disadvantages in a personal interview, for example, the actual time that has to be spent in doing the interview and the amount of money it cost for the procedure to happen. Surveys and experiments produce numbers that can be used to test a hypothesis. A participant observation is often more subjective in nature and has fewer numbers but a greater knowledge (Farley35). The third research method is field observation. Field observation is where researchers observe human behavior as it occurs in ordinary real- life situations. This method is used to study and observe human behavior in natural setting. There are two main types of field observation: participant and unobtrusive. In participant observation, the researcher contributes in some way in the behavior observed. The researcher may continue by attending meetings or being involved in some types of group activities. A question asked in a participant observation is: should the researcher reveal his or her identity? Some researchers are against identifying his or her identity because when people discover that they are being studied, it can cause them to behave differently (Levin). On the other hand, some researchers consider identifying themselves because they believe people have the right to know that they are being studied. In an unobtrusive observation, the researcher does not in any way become involved in the behavior being observed. The researcher is in a position out of sight, for example, through a window or across the street. An inconspicuous measure is then taken by percentages, for instance, the percentage of male or female that get on a subway. An instance of field observation is how to study how parents treat their children when the child misbehaves. This method allows the researcher to observe the family without conversation. If parents were asked how they discipline their children when misbehaving, the conclusions would be incorrect. Therefore it is understandable that field observation would be the most precise method to use in situations comparable to this one. The last research method would be the use of existing data sources. The researcher does not collect original data because data has already been collected. Researching old documents or studies that have already been done use this method. There is no use of another human, just past information that now may be studied to find changes from then and now. There are three main sources that are used, one of which is archives. Colleges, organizations, and corporations have collected the data already. This has resulted in computerized data archives that are open to anyone (Farley38). Government data would include records of births, deaths, marriages, and even divorces. The information is directly available over the Internet to anyone who wants to use the information. The second source is the U.S. Census, which is updated every ten years. The data is on the population, housing from a street block to the entire country, manufacturing, and wholesale trade. Content analysis would be the last sourc e. This involves some type of systematic examination of the content of books, articles, speeches, movies, and/or television programs. For example, compare the number and types of roles filled by male and female characters in a set of television programs. It can be either quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative is counting the number of words devoted to female characters as opposed to the male characters. Qualitative is a detailed description and analysis of how male and female characters is presented (Farley39). These four social research methods are all used differently in experiments. As explained, experiment, survey, field observation, and existing data are very useful in each type of situation that may be presented to the researcher. The researcher just must know what he or she is studying and what type of research he or she is going to use. Every time research is involved, a method has to be used. Research Papers on The Many Methods Sociological Research - Sociology EssayResearch Process Part OneEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Job

Job Job After someone reads this book on this poor man how can anyone not feel sympathy for him. The point of the story, which I assume is taught at church, is that this mans belief in god is so strong that even losing everything that he had wouldn't he would never lose that faith. After losing his family, his animals, and his health he still stayed strong. Was all this right? Is this the right way to teach that you should always have faith even when you have nothing and are in the worst health? This wasn't something that just happened to him; these awful things were put on him to prove a point to Satan and Job. Playing with someone to prove a point isn't exactly the way to show the way something is especially to someone as unimportant as Satan is. The representation of sin and evil shouldn't get the opportunity to do such things to someone even if this man was going to receive all he had lost and then some for this suffering.Job's Peak

Guess Whos Coming to Dinner essays

Guess Whos Coming to Dinner essays The film, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, written by Stanely Kramer reflects society's prejudices of the 1960's time period. This comedy explores the subject of interracial marriage, and the impact it has upon the parents of the bride and groom. This film definitely confirms the concepts of the 1960's, yet provides a new perspective on mixed marriages for years to come. The movie interprets the time period well, especially enlightening the ignorance and tension between African This movie tells of a dinner party given by a bride's parents to meet her fianc and his parents. The comfortable middle class, white parents of the bride are shocked when they find out that the groom is black. The groom's parents, are also in alarmed to find out that the parents of the bride are white. Surprisingly, the mothers seem to be more accepting of the proposed marriage than the fathers, who are very skeptical, and hold onto old traditions. The 1960's were a period of increased government intervention and reforms, as seen by the shocking message of the story. After the film, the number of interracial marriages in the U.S. increased dramatically since the 1960's both in numbers and in the percentage of total marriages. To 51,718 interracial marriages in 1990 compared to 40,491 in 1960. The results clearly show the changing mindset of the nation from prejudice, to open-mindedness. Although the 1960's was a time of great change, the hearts of many Americans were still unaccustomed to new ideals. The idea of interracial marriage was very new for the time. The progression of the nation becomes evident with the creation of: NAACP in 1909, struggling for civil rights for blacks; the construction of Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in 1960, for eliminating segregation by nonviolent means; the Civil Rights Acts of 19 ...

Women and Labor in Early America

Women and Labor in Early America Working in the Home From the late colonial period through the American Revolution, womens work usually centered on the home, but romanticizing this role as the Domestic Sphere came in the early 19th century. During much of the colonial period, the birth rate was high: soon after the time of the American Revolution it was still about seven children per mother. In early America among the colonists, the work of a wife was often alongside her husband, running a household, farm or plantation. Cooking for the household took a major part of a womans time. Making garments - spinning yarn, weaving cloth, sewing and mending clothes - also took much time. Slaves and Servants Other women worked as servants or were enslaved.  Some European women came as indentured servants, required so serve for a certain amount of time before having independence.  Women who were enslaved, captured from Africa or born to slave mothers, often did the same work that the men did, in the home or in the field. Some work was skilled labor, but much was unskilled field labor or in the household. Early in colonial history, Native Americans were also sometimes enslaved. Division of Labor by Gender In the typical white home in 18th century America, most of which were engaged in agriculture, the men were responsible for agricultural labor and the women for domestic chores, including cooking, cleaning, spinning yarn, weaving and sewing cloth, care of the animals that lived near the house, care of the gardens, in addition to their work caring for the children. Women participated in mens work at times. At harvest time, it was not unusual for women to also work in the fields. When husbands were away on long journeys, the wives usually took over the farm management. Women Outside Marriage Unmarried women, or divorced women without property, might work in another household, helping out with household chores of the wife or substituting for the wife if there was not one in the family. (Widows and widowers tended to remarry very quickly, though.)  Some unmarried or widowed women ran schools or taught in them, or worked as governesses for other families. Women in the Cities In cities, where families owned shops or worked in trades, the women often took care of domestic chores including raising children, preparing food, cleaning, taking care of small animals and house gardens, and preparing clothing. They also often worked alongside their husbands, assisting with some tasks in the shop or business, or taking care of customers. Women could not keep their own wages, so many of the records that might tell us more about womens work just dont exist. Many women, especially but not only widows, owned businesses. Women worked as apothecaries, barbers, blacksmiths, sextons, printers, tavern keepers and midwives. During the Revolution During the American Revolution, many women in colonial families participated in boycotting British goods, which meant more home manufacture to replace those items.  When men were at war, the women and children had to do the chores that would usually have been done by the men. After the Revolution After the Revolution and into the early 19th century, higher expectations for educating the children fell, often, to the mother. Widows and the wives of men off to war or traveling on business often ran large farms and plantations pretty much as the sole managers. Beginnings of Industrialization In the 1840s and 1850s, as the Industrial Revolution and factory labor took hold in the United States, more women went to work outside the home. By 1840, ten percent of women held jobs outside the household; ten years later, this had risen to fifteen percent. Factory owners hired women and children when they could, because they could pay lower wages to women and children than to men. For some tasks, like sewing, women were preferred because they had training and experience, and the jobs were womens work. The sewing machine was not introduced into the factory system until the 1830s; before that, sewing was done by hand. Factory work by women led to some of the first labor union organizing involving women workers, including when the Lowell girls organized (workers in the Lowell mills).

Interview paper Essay Example

Interview paper Essay Example Interview paper Essay Interview paper Essay Interview Paper Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: Interview Paper I interviewed Miss Catherine Smith, a marketing manager at a local beverage company. She has worked for the company for six years in a managerial position thus accumulating experience in decision-making. Most of the time the company looks up to her to come up with ways of improving the sales of their products that are a crucial factor in profit making. She has responsibilities such as, ensuring customer satisfaction, pricing strategies, research on market trends, coordinating recruitment of staff in her department and advertising and promotion of the company’s products. On a daily basis, she makes managerial decisions that affect the company economically and through other aspects. Being in a competitive business, she has to be careful on the kind of decisions she makes especially because her job is directly linked to the product and the consumers. The interview began with questions about my coursework and the reasons for our discussion. Having explained to her in my request for the interview, I was a bit taken aback by her inquisition of the details. I gave her a detailed summary of what I was undertaking and informed her that the interview was for my coursework. Due to her background in economic studies, she was quick to offer me a few pointers on what to major in and how to approach the job market later. Throughout the interview, she kept pausing to attend to some urgent work but resumed almost immediately. Prior to the interview, I had prepared a series of questions on a number of topics. These questions were in the form of a questionnaire. This was to guide me in the making of my final paper. The main themes were based on how the company’s strategies are affected by the decisions she makes concerning economics. Economic decisions are those that deal with financial aspects of a business and how resources are divided among different functions (Baker, 112). In this case, the decisions being made involve the allocation of resources to her marketing department. I asked about the decisions she makes regularly, what influences them and their consequences. The company’s business strategies include its future prospects, market competition, availability of resources, the business environment and the expectations of their stakeholders. According to Catherine, she makes decisions influenced by current economic status of the company, the need for profit maximization, consumer trends and market structure. Concerning the company’s economic status, she has to evaluate whether the company can be able to withstand certain decisions that require financial assistance. For instance, when she has to run an advertisement campaign, she must confirm with other relevant departments to ascertain the financial position of the company. As much as advertising helps to connect with their consumers, the resources of the company have to be considered in line with its business strategies. At all times, the company should maintain a certain level of resources that help in the running of its daily activities. In such an event, she has to consult prior to running the campaign, which involves the aspect of management planning. This way, the company benefits from her decision and the business strategy remains unaffected. However, the aim is not to affect the business strategies, it is to ensure that the actions taken by management should develop or implement these strategies often done through strategic management. Profit maximization is the main aim of the company’s operations. Almost every action taken seeks to advance the company’s profit to the highest possible level (Lantos, 60). As the marketing manager, she is tasked with this responsibility as she deals with securing a market for their products. This is not to imply that she is the sole determinant of the company’s profit, because hers is not the only department and all of them have to coordinate to achieve the goals of the company. Catherine mentioned that she makes such decisions most of the time, those that intended for maximizing profit. Having to deal with how the company’s products penetrate the market is not an easy job. It involves a lot of work, and she often requires the assistance of other departments. As one of her tasks, she determines the price of their products. This is done after a rigorous research on consumer buying trends, consumer income and the prices set by their competitors. These factors often influence how a commodity’s price is set (Hitt, Robert, 284). The price has to be put in such a way it does not cause losses, or else her decision making will be put in question. All the activities involved with price control such as the research require some money. The manger therefore drafts a budget and delivers it to the finance department for consideration. The amount of money accorded to them helps her to decide on the methods and tools to be used for the research. One business strategy of the company is to remain competitive. The interview revealed that marketing greatly determines competition. For instance, Catherine cited that the prevailing prices in the market help to place the company at a certain level with its competitors. As she makes her decisions, she has to ensure that they are within the goals that these strategies hope to achieve. She explained to me that competition is important in determining whether the company is making profit or not. It also provides knowledge on what advantage if any, the company has over its competitors and how it can be manipulated to increase profit. Additionally, competition helps in the identifying of possible markets. The marketing manager always has to monitor such matters not only as part of her job description but as a participant in fulfilling the vision of the company. Economic decisions in marketing also have an effect on the future of the company. The company like every other organization puts into consideration its direction in terms of whether it is achieving what it intended. She went further to explain to me the company’s expectations, which include establishing itself as one of the leading beverage companies based on quality of products and market share. Therefore, the company constantly evaluates and reviews its progress through various ways such as conducting market surveys. Again, the marketing department is put under spotlight, as it is important in determining the company’s position in the market. The marketing manager has to give an account of how things are as they are, and mostly they are so because of the decisions she ha made. The future prospects of the company entail how much profit they would have made during a certain period (Hirschey, 632). Both the production and marketing teams are liable for this aspect of the company, as in practically. The production team should ensure quality commodities are made while marketers decide on how best to satisfy their customers and still earn extra money. Tough decisions therefore have to be made and consideration put into the consequences of these decisions. The recruitment of staff to the marketing department is done by human resource department after a prompt from the marketing manager. I had asked if it was within her mandate to make such a decision. According to company policy, anyone recruited to her department had to be interviewed by the marketing manager. Although the sourcing for possible candidate was done by the human resource section, the rest was left to her discretion. This is because she knew the kind of skills she required under her department, as it was an important one in the company. This concluded our interview session and we proceeded to discuss why managerial decisions are crucial to any organization’s success. The information I gathered indicated a relation between these decisions and the business strategies of an organization. Most managers are employed to advance certain business strategies hence each decision they make should reflect this (Sekhar, 14). However, these decisions can only be successful if they are of good quality and have been executed effectively. These decisions help in building trust and confidence in both consumers and employees. If consumers are satisfied with a product, they tend to buy it more, which is advantageous to any company. Employees gain confidence in the company they work for if their managers make good decisions that guarantee stability in the future. Conclusively, the interview helped me to understand my coursework better and gain some knowledge of how things work behind the scenes to make an organization successful. Most of the decisions that managers make are not publicized but they reflect in the consumers’ reaction to their company’s products. The interview was definitely an eye opening experience.

7 Healthcare Jobs that Require No Experience

7 Healthcare Jobs that Require No Experience There’s no doubt healthcare is a booming industry, with tons of diverse well-paying jobs with good benefits and job security. You’re smart to want in. But what if  you don’t have any healthcare experience or educational background? Don’t fear:  not all healthcare jobs require it. Here are 7 healthcare jobs  in the industry that don’t require any particular prior experience or training to get hired. So go ahead, get your foot in that door.1. Home care aideWork in care facilities or in people’s homes assisting elderly and/or disabled patients with day-to-day functions and activities. You’ll be doing a lot of household labor, as well as interfacing with families, but you’ll start at just over $20k per year and get good training in the process.2. Medical assistantWork in a physician’s office or clinic- in any specialty- doing normal administrative duties plus some extra bookkeeping and records-keeping that are particula r to the field, plus assisting with minor medical duties and procedures. Great experience, great first opportunity, great starting salary (approximately $30k per year).3. Medical billerBasically handling the money- from patients, from insurers, and maintaining records. You can work in any number of health care facilities and settings, and make over $33k in your first year.4. Medical secretaryHelp manage a medical office. You’ll coordinate everything- from administrative duties, to supply ordering, to schedule keeping, communication, and liaising with doctors. You can choose from several different work environments and make over $32k per year.5. Nursing assistantWork as an assistant in nursing and patient care and get hands-on experience with patients working with trained staff. Help the pros with logistics and keeping patients comfortable while picking up valuable hours in the field. Expect to make between $25 and $26k per year.6. OT aideConsider working as an aide for an Occ upational Therapist in their offices or clinics, helping to rehabilitate patients with mental or physical impairments. You’ll work mostly handling equipment and administrative tasks, but you’ll gain great experience and make almost $32k per year.7. Psychiatric AideDo the incredibly good and hard work of helping patients who have been confined to mental health facilities. You’ll have tons of good patient care experience under your belt, make over $27k per year, and have done important work in the process.No matter where you’re starting out, you can always get started in the health care field. Just find yourself a suitable entry-level gig and start working your way up.

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Reflection - Essay Example Different countries have evolved separate items of mass entertainment, they can therefore be considered as their domestic culture. Youngsters, in the progress of their active life, learn to engage in activities mainly on the basis of information collected from mass media entertainment such as TV, music, movies, mobile and internet of course to the greatest extend these days (Nachbar 1992, p. 414). Engagement in popular culture should be productive, I mean, by way of learning the ethical values of great works done by people in literature, art and architecture. Students need to attend sessions of cultural activities and perform their role thereby. They should realize that culture is a source of ethical values apart from mere entertainment. Learning about modern popular culture encourages people to form a positive attitude towards their community. Movies, stage-shows or any other form of public entertainment should focus on building this attitude among people. Modern popular culture however, imprints the enthusiasm of more indigenous cultures involving tattoos, fashion design, animated photography etc in returning to the primitive style as a fashion. As the globe has been totally trodden by man, the need for cultural globalization has already evolved. People presently have the attitude to respect and follow the indigenous culture as a connection with modern popular culture. Also, with the development of sports and folklore programs across the world, the engagement of popular art in the social life has been reinforced. Therefore, in the light of due consideration of values and standards of popular culture these days, I don’t consider a change in my attitude towards them unless it goes all against social ethics; e ven on such conditions, there are legislative measures to regulate such possible

Forum discussion- reply to Duane on my post Essay

Forum discussion- reply to Duane on my post - Essay Example In my current organization, I think the implementation and development initiatives are effective in that they are properly planned and carefully implemented in order to meet the needs of the employees and the organization as a whole. The human resources management is tasked with identifying the training needs of the employees as well as identifying the gap that exists between their current performance standards and the desired level of performance. The training program is then molded on the basis of this information and is goal oriented. The major strength of the implementation process of the training and development program mentioned above is that it is twofold; it is designed to fulfill the needs and interests of both the employees and the organization. However, the only weakness that can be seen from this program is that it could be subjective at times. The trainers may tend to incorporate their personal views in the training program instead of focusing on the needs of the employe es. In order to improve this, collective decision making should be implemented within the organization. This will help to reflect the needs and interests of all members of the

Who benefits from whistleblowing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Who benefits from whistleblowing - Essay Example One of the biggest beneficiaries of whistle blowing is the public because it is through the activities of whistleblowers that they come to attain knowledge concerning what is going on in their lives. Whistle blowing allows the public to make an assessment of the activities that are taking place in their societies and to take action to prevent any negative effects of the said activities from affecting them. In most instances, whistleblowers, especially in the public sector, provide information to the public, not for their own benefit, but as a means of doing the right thing (Wilkey 2003, p.331). When whistle blowing takes place, it is for the benefit of the public because it makes the public aware of incidents that might be going on secretly and causing them harm. For example, a whistleblower might bring to light information concerning a drug from a pharmaceutical company that while it is officially believed to be effective, is in fact having negative side effects on its users. The in formation gained from the whistleblower leads to investigations whose results, if they are found to be true, end up helping the public a great deal. Not only does such information ensure the safety of patients who might have used the drug, but it also helps those patients who had negative side effects to successfully sue the company involved and receive compensation. Therefore, in this case, a major beneficiary of whistle blowing activities is the public since it is the audience of the information and it is the only one which can put pressure on the government to act in bringing accountability to public institutions. Business organisations can also be beneficiaries of whistle blowing and this is especially based on preserving their reputations. Businesses that encourage a culture of internal whistle blowing make it possible for information to be given to management

Public defense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Public defense - Essay Example East District of Virginia The East District of Virginia federal, public defender service was established in 2001. This service is organized and governed according to the Criminal Justice Act 18 USC Â § 3006A. The service provides adequate, legal representation for defendants in criminal cases. West District of Virginia The public defender service for the West District of Virginia appoints private attorneys, full time public defender attorneys, and pays for court ordered cases. The Circuit Judge reviews these cases. Public Defenders who are full-time are employees of the Public Defender Corporation. This corporation is organized at the Circuit Court level, a separate legal entity, and funded by the Public Defender Services. Conclusion The Virginia Public Defense System is designed to monitor the needs of indigent individuals and provides adequate, legal counsel for representation. The system that I would implement for the public defense system would ensure the proper legal counsel fo r defendants. I would ensure that the attorneys’ credentials are reviewed before assignment to a given case. Works Cited Virginia Indigent Defense Commission.

Auditing research paper for the Maybe It Was, But We Weren't case

Auditing for the Maybe It Was, But We Weren't case - Research Paper Example Relating to this case, the determination of the reports issued by Friday as appropriate or otherwise, has been taken into concern as a primary objective of this paper. Moreover, the significant terms associated with auditing like ‘scope limitation’, ‘limited engagement and ‘piecemeal opinion’ have also been considered and related to the case in the discussion of this paper. Most significantly, how Friday should submit the auditor’s report to the Board of Directors as on its performance for the Year 3 and Year 2 from a comparative perspective has also been considered in the discussion of this paper. INTRODUCTION The perception of audit or auditing is principally described as a procedure of verifying and examining the accounting as well as financial records of a particular company. It has often been argued that the organizations belonging to this modern day context normally conducts auditing for the purpose of adding credibility to their respectiv e financial statements resulting in analyzing along with recognizing the chief financial areas that are required to be enhanced. It has also been apparently observed in this regard that the modern organizations often attempt to prioritize auditing due to rising complexities particularly in the overall business or operational procedures and the decision-making systems (Gupta 1-2). In specific terms, the aim of this report is to analyze the approaches adopted and executed by the Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) appointed within Friday & Co (Friday) who are again bestowed with the sole responsibility of auditing the financial statements of Johnson Company. It has been viewed in this similar concern that the CPAs have audited the financial records or the statements of Johnson Company and duly expressed a sort of incompetent opinion on the balance sheet only, deciphering a degree of negligence when considering other forms of financial statements. In this regard, a balance sheet depict s a financial statement which recapitulates liabilities, shareholder’s equity and assets among others with respect to a particular company. It is often regarded as a condensed financial record or a statement that portrays the monetary position of a business entity on a specific date. The other forms of financial statements might generally embrace an income statement along with a cash-flow statement, statement concerning retained earnings as well as profit and loss statement among others (Nelson 193-194). According to the case, it has been apparently observed that the CPAs of Friday had expressed an unqualified opinion on the balance sheet of Johnson Company as on December 31, Year 2. Specially mentioning, Friday did not note the inclusion of the physical inventory as of December 31, Year 1, on the grounds that the transaction took place prior to the appointment of auditors. However, the report indicates certain critical issues or aspects related with auditing concerns. For in stance, the first aspect was mainly concerned on the reason owing to which the opinion was issued only on the balance sheet as on Year 2. The second aspect that has been recognized in this context had been concerned about judging whether the issuance of an unqualified opinion by the CPAs of Friday, only for year 2 was appropriate. If otherwise, what are the suitable ways of disclosing or reporting the case? Finally, the other critical issue that has been viewed to appear in this case scenario was concerned with the fact that is it

Obesity ( Science) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Obesity ( Science) - Essay Example Obesity can simply be described as the over accumulation of fats in our body. It poses a serious threat as it may lead to several heart diseases and even diabetes. The main reasons for obesity are overeating, irregular eating patterns and habits as well as lack of daily physical activity. Some of the common problems caused by obesity are increased sweating, difficulty in breathing, difficulty in doing physical activities and so on. As mentioned earlier, the only remedy for this health problem is to lose weight through a systematic and organized diet system, which incorporates both elements: food and exercise. Our body needs a certain amount of calories each day. The excess calories that we obtain through overeating is stored as fat. This stored up fat can be burned out only by exercising. â€Å"Patients with obesity often have multiple nutrition-related medical problems (e.g. Hypertension and diabetes) that make a needs assessment necessary to prioritize the treatment approachesâ₠¬  (Gumbiner, B., 2001, P.170) This paper deals with an investigation and comparison of Atkins diet and the Cabbage Soup Diet, the two popular diet plans that may help people to reduce weight and set them free from obesity. Atkins diet was created keeping in mind people who eat too much. These people take in large amounts of carbohydrates daily. The body is designed in a unique way to obtain energy from the food eaten. This is done by burning the carbohydrates and fats stored in the body. Atkins diet tries to reduce the use of carbohydrates, which will lead to the use of excess fat in the body that will help in loosing weight. â€Å"By restricting carbohydrates drastically to a mere fraction of that found in the typical American diet, the body goes into a state of ketosis which means it burns its own fat for fuel† (The Atkins Diet, 2011). When a person is in this state, his or her body burns the excess fat instead of the carbohydrates, which reduces the feeling of hunger and this ultimately results in weight loss. On the other hand, the Cabbage Soup Diet is just a restrictive diet. It has a well planned, systematic list of the things that one has to eat each day of the week. Kathleen M. Zelman says that these meals have to be eaten at home as they are not available in any restaurants. â€Å"The Cabbage Soup Diet plan promises a 10- pound weight loss in one week† (Zelman, 2011). It is said that Cabbage Soup Diet helps to reduce weight if one sticks to the list of allowed food on alternate days along with fat free cabbage soup. â€Å"The new cabbage soup diet (Margaret Danbront) allows dieters to eat as much cabbage soup as they like, plus other food as directed† (IDEA Health & Fitness. 2002, P. 79). A person following this diet should drink plenty of water and should avoid alcohols at any cost. On the first day, along with the cabbage soup, the individual following this diet system should eat fruits and drink unsweetened tea, coffee or wat er. On the second day, again the cabbage soup as well as vegetables that contain low calories and baked potatoes with butter must be taken. On the third day, the individual is supposed to have both fruits and vegetables as taken on the first and second day along with cabbage soup. On the fourth day the plan is to consume up to eight bananas with skimmed milk, but without omitting the soup. Next day marks the beginning to eat beef, chicken

TESLA Model X , SWOT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

TESLA Model X , SWOT - Essay Example This in itself is a source of competitive advantage for the company. The company is unique in that there is not yet any other player in the industry that has manufactured a vehicle that matches Tesla’s innovative vehicle. As noted by Porter (1985), differentiation strategy gives the company a competitive edge over other players in that its products cannot be matched by other rival competitors. This will help the company to appeal to the interests of many customers by virtue of possessing unique features which make the vehicle exceptional. The other advantage of the company is that Model X car is efficient as a result of the fact that it is an electrified vehicle. This means that the customers will experience fewer expenses in the future since the vehicle does not use any form of fossil fuel. This comes against the background of rising fuel prices across the globe. However, the major weaknesses of this model car are that it is electric and it is expensive. The price is high as a result of the fact that it is expensive to manufacture. Honestly, there may be very few customers who may be ready to fork out more than $60Â  000 buying a vehicle. The price is too much such that ordinary people may not be in a position to afford it. it can also be seen that the automobile industry is also characterised by other players some of which are reputable such as Toyota and Daimler. These cars also have their own hybrid cars that do not use fossil fuel and they may pose a threat to Tesla Motors. According to Robson (1997), competition in the environment is one major threat that can impact on the viability of the organization. This is the case in terms of Tesla since the other competitors can also offer their hybrid cars that can also attract many customers since they are environmental friendly. Therefore, it is imperative for Tesla motors to capitalise on it s strengths and opportunities in order to gain a competitive advantage while at the same

Intercultural communication Reflective Journal Assignment

Intercultural communication Reflective Journal - Assignment Example However, multiculturalism presents a huge challenge to intercultural communication (Bloomfield 2007). Therefore, it is important to learn about intercultural communication in order to overcome the obstacles that multiculturalism presents. In this reflective journal, I focus on the aspects of intercultural communication, networking, and career management. In addition, I will also reflect on two major guest presentations, one by a professional from the Butterfly movement, and another by Mr. Adam Whitefield of the World Youth International. Finally, I will reflect on the effectiveness of this journal as a learning experience. 1. Intercultural Communication The aspect of intercultural communication has been core in this course. I have gathered wide and important knowledge on this aspect, and I expect this to be the foundation of my future interactions, both at the professional and social levels. This knowledge, I have acquired through classwork, and other out-of-class activities. The mos t important thing to is that I have learnt and mastered the meaning of intercultural communication. I now understand that this kind of communication is complex and challenging, as it involves people from different backgrounds. I have read in Kalscheuer (2009), that the coming in contact of different people due to the advanced technologies and communication, presents a challenge to intercultural communication. Therefore, although this presents diverse opportunities to people, it is also a common root of conflicts today. However, this course has been eye opening to me, thus my competence level in intercultural communication has improved. Different class activities, including group work, have been a major way through which I have learnt about intercultural communication, and experienced it. Through group work, I have had the opportunity to interact with different colleagues, some of whom I do not share similar social or ethnic background. Together we have discussed, communicated, and l earnt about cultural differences from each other. This also gave me a chance to challenge my assumptions, attitudes, and perceptions I had previously held about certain ethnic groups. Therefore, today, I have learnt the importance of cultural diversity, and I have let go of all the cultural stereotypes I held about certain ethnicities. I have learnt that when one lacks knowledge about intercultural communication, they might fail to see beyond the physical appearance of an individual, because of the irrelevant assumptions and stereotypes, which act as obstructions. Through this, therefore, I have acquired considerable cultural intelligence, which will be of great benefit to my future career, especially when working in an international environment, where I have to deal with clients and colleagues from diverse ethnic backgrounds. 2. Networking With regard to networking, through this course, I have theoretically come to terms with the popular phrase, "It's not what you know, it's who yo u know." In other words, networking is an important aspect of every professional, as technical skills alone are insufficient for one to realize success in their career. This involves making connections and building relationships with different people, mainly for career support and advice. Apart from being of great value to individuals,

Teachers Viewpoint on the Impact of Applying Distance Training on the Essay

Teachers Viewpoint on the Impact of Applying Distance Training on the Participation in Training Programmes - Essay Example e participation of teachers in training programs, and applying distance training, the study has a number of importance’s, thus making it relevant in literature. The methodologies used in reflecting the research, research questions are used as a mode of data collection. They will be restarted as an introduction of the methodology and process. In addition, methods will be justified and study the sample presented. The selection of participants, questionnaire design and use of semi structured interviews. In order to enhance the capability of teachers for critical thinking and provides effective contribution towards the progression and advancement of knowledge regarding various practices of training, regarding future research, a number of suggestions could be provided. Research should investigate the effects of application of distance training on the performance of teachers in Saudi Arabia. An obstacle facing the application of distance training in Saudi is a serious topic that needs further research. Teachers play a significant role in the society and their deliberate efforts are subjected to internal workplace pressures and external societal pressures. It is these internal working environment pressures and the external communal pressures which deeply influence the functions and responsibilities of the teachers towards their target viewers i.e. the students along with various subject matters taught to them (Martinet et. al., 2001). It has been identified that according to the official standards of a country, the training of the teachers is a kind of study programme which leads towards an enhanced status of a qualified teacher (UNESCO, 2001). It has also been observed that there are many numbers of teachers who have participated in various training programmes using both face-to-face and distance training. However, at the same time, certain segments of teachers fail to participate in training programmes due to a number of problems they face. This study aims to

Inflation and Government Economic Policies Essay

Inflation and Government Economic Policies - Essay Example Economists tend to view moderate inflation favorably as it enables an economy to withstand a recession and empowers monetary policies to stabilize the economy. Additionally, inflation serves as a benchmark for a growing economy. Inflation may be regulated through monetary and fiscal policies by the monetary authorities. The Consumer Price Index is a measure of variations in the cost of a basket of commodities bought by households in a given period. Inflation can be quantified as the annual positive change in the Index. As shown in Table 1, since 2000 the C.P.I. has maintained a steady rise, except for 2009 when it fell (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics., 2015). Such an increase in the Consumer Price Index has been due to increased buying by the consumer. The desire to have the latest electronic gadget has primarily contributed to the increased purchasing, resulting in a positive change in the C.P.I. Additionally, C.P.I has been affected by the amount of disposable income and the relative prices of competing commodities. On the other hand, Producer Price Index (P.P.I) is an average measure of the change in the retailing prices paid to internal producers for their output. While the P.P.I has always been in constant flux, the change in the prices has always been a positive change. The increases in producer prices are due to the increasing cost of raw materials and sources of energy. Due to the constantly fluctuating prices of oil, which is a major raw material or source of energy, the P.P.I has always reflected the flux experienced in the global oil prices. In 2009, PPI experienced a negative change due to falling prices of raw materials during the financial crisis as shown in Table 2 (U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics., 2015). Consumer Expenditure Survey (C.E) is a federal survey that tracks the purchasing behavior of American consumers through the Quarterly Interview Survey and the Diary Survey. Since

TESLA Model X , SWOT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

TESLA Model X , SWOT - Essay Example This in itself is a source of competitive advantage for the company. The company is unique in that there is not yet any other player in the industry that has manufactured a vehicle that matches Tesla’s innovative vehicle. As noted by Porter (1985), differentiation strategy gives the company a competitive edge over other players in that its products cannot be matched by other rival competitors. This will help the company to appeal to the interests of many customers by virtue of possessing unique features which make the vehicle exceptional. The other advantage of the company is that Model X car is efficient as a result of the fact that it is an electrified vehicle. This means that the customers will experience fewer expenses in the future since the vehicle does not use any form of fossil fuel. This comes against the background of rising fuel prices across the globe. However, the major weaknesses of this model car are that it is electric and it is expensive. The price is high as a result of the fact that it is expensive to manufacture. Honestly, there may be very few customers who may be ready to fork out more than $60Â  000 buying a vehicle. The price is too much such that ordinary people may not be in a position to afford it. it can also be seen that the automobile industry is also characterised by other players some of which are reputable such as Toyota and Daimler. These cars also have their own hybrid cars that do not use fossil fuel and they may pose a threat to Tesla Motors. According to Robson (1997), competition in the environment is one major threat that can impact on the viability of the organization. This is the case in terms of Tesla since the other competitors can also offer their hybrid cars that can also attract many customers since they are environmental friendly. Therefore, it is imperative for Tesla motors to capitalise on it s strengths and opportunities in order to gain a competitive advantage while at the same

Intercultural communication Reflective Journal Assignment

Intercultural communication Reflective Journal - Assignment Example However, multiculturalism presents a huge challenge to intercultural communication (Bloomfield 2007). Therefore, it is important to learn about intercultural communication in order to overcome the obstacles that multiculturalism presents. In this reflective journal, I focus on the aspects of intercultural communication, networking, and career management. In addition, I will also reflect on two major guest presentations, one by a professional from the Butterfly movement, and another by Mr. Adam Whitefield of the World Youth International. Finally, I will reflect on the effectiveness of this journal as a learning experience. 1. Intercultural Communication The aspect of intercultural communication has been core in this course. I have gathered wide and important knowledge on this aspect, and I expect this to be the foundation of my future interactions, both at the professional and social levels. This knowledge, I have acquired through classwork, and other out-of-class activities. The mos t important thing to is that I have learnt and mastered the meaning of intercultural communication. I now understand that this kind of communication is complex and challenging, as it involves people from different backgrounds. I have read in Kalscheuer (2009), that the coming in contact of different people due to the advanced technologies and communication, presents a challenge to intercultural communication. Therefore, although this presents diverse opportunities to people, it is also a common root of conflicts today. However, this course has been eye opening to me, thus my competence level in intercultural communication has improved. Different class activities, including group work, have been a major way through which I have learnt about intercultural communication, and experienced it. Through group work, I have had the opportunity to interact with different colleagues, some of whom I do not share similar social or ethnic background. Together we have discussed, communicated, and l earnt about cultural differences from each other. This also gave me a chance to challenge my assumptions, attitudes, and perceptions I had previously held about certain ethnic groups. Therefore, today, I have learnt the importance of cultural diversity, and I have let go of all the cultural stereotypes I held about certain ethnicities. I have learnt that when one lacks knowledge about intercultural communication, they might fail to see beyond the physical appearance of an individual, because of the irrelevant assumptions and stereotypes, which act as obstructions. Through this, therefore, I have acquired considerable cultural intelligence, which will be of great benefit to my future career, especially when working in an international environment, where I have to deal with clients and colleagues from diverse ethnic backgrounds. 2. Networking With regard to networking, through this course, I have theoretically come to terms with the popular phrase, "It's not what you know, it's who yo u know." In other words, networking is an important aspect of every professional, as technical skills alone are insufficient for one to realize success in their career. This involves making connections and building relationships with different people, mainly for career support and advice. Apart from being of great value to individuals,

Optional ethnicity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Optional ethnicity - Essay Example On the other hand, it is true that the non-whites are not capable of choosing their ethnicities, even if they adopted the most popular ethnic symbols of the White ethnicities. On the other hand, it is also true that the Whites choose their ethnicities based on the amount of negative consequences. Waters claims that in the United States, the White Americans have the opportunity to choose their ethnicities, unlike the other minority groups. White Americans can either choose to be plain ‘White’ or choose an ethnicity, with regard to their ancestry. Waters also focuses on symbolic ethnicity, which she associates with later-generations of most White Americans. In this type of ethnicity, the individuals involved do not experience any social cost. This is because of the symbolic identifications in the ethnic group, which attracts later-generations to identify with. For instance, some whites might identify with the Irish Americans only during the special occasions such as vacati ons, or family holidays (Waters 3). Waters also notes that the whites are not influenced by ethnicity, compared to the minority groups in the US (4). In addition, they are at liberty to either choose their ethnicity, from their genealogies or not choose any, unlike the minority groups, who have to identify themselves with their identity. Symbolic identity mainly occurs among the whites, when they identify themselves with different ethnicities by adopting the popular ethnic symbols of those ethnicities. For instance, celebrating St. Patrick’s Day in order to be associated with the Irish ethnicity, thus, signaling their Irish ethnicity. However, a non-white celebrating St. Patrick’s Day will not be regarded Irish, since these are not capable of optional ethnicities. Waters introduces another element of ethnicity, which is the ‘non-optional’ ethnicity. This is the opposite of optional ethnicity, and mainly affects the minority. Unlike optional ethnicity, whic h is chosen with a free will, non-optional ethnicity is imposed on individuals. Oppositional ethnicity also affects the minority groups in society. In this type of ethnicity, members of the minority groups will seek companionship among themselves, and sometimes distance themselves from the mainstream population. In this case, the minority group will want to maintain their identity, which could be influenced by their history, or their uniqueness, with regard to other factors. The remaining members mostly judge the people who abandon this kind of ethnicity in a negative way. Waters attributes this ethnicity to the blacks and the Latinos. She believes that, â€Å"the oppositional component of a black identity also explains how black people can question whether other black are acting black enough† (Waters 7). In this case, the blacks or any ethnic minority groups are expected to act according to the values of their group, which is different from those of the mainstream population , and any deviance by one member is questionable. In the article Notes of a Native Speaker, Erick Liu talks about his experiences that relate to his ethnicity, immigration, and race, during his childhood and teenage years. Although Liu was Chinese, after immigration, he became a Chinese-American. However, he was called ‘banana’ by other Asians, for emulating the values of White Americans. Liu experienced vast challenges adapting to life in America, especially with regard to culture. Even though he was a citizen of

Energy Needs in Mexico Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Energy Needs in Mexico - Research Paper Example In other words, energy is the capability of doing work, spawning heat, and discharging luminosity or emission. On the other hand, power is the energy spent over a given period, say, per unit time. The two are interrelated and one cannot do minus the other. So far, there are over six elementary sources of energy, which include nuclear, thermal and electromagnetic energy. Other forms of energy include electricity, mechanical and chemical energies. Different countries use different forms of energy or a combination of many forms of energy. In Mexico, the government of Mexico struggles to meet the energy needs of the country by using a combination of different forms of energy. Notably, coal and fossil fuels are the dominant sources of energy in Mexico. Perhaps due to their abundance within and without Mexico, fossil fuels are the most common source of energy not only in Mexico, but also in other countries. However, with the warning of fossil fuels getting scarce and their adverse effects of combustion, various countries just like Mexico are busy adopting new forms of energy (Buen & Isabel, 2006, pp. 1-3). The Mexican constitution gives the state the mandate to generate, transmit, and distribute different forms of energy to the citizenry.... For instance, the generation of electricity in Mexico depends on 75 percent of thermal sources, 19 percent from water generation (hydropower). Other sources accounting 2 percent include biomass, solar and wind. Recently, the government embarked on plan to increase its energy figures by 14.8 GW by 2015 using other sources of energy such as renewable sources. This research paper addresses the energy needs in Mexico, the challenges facing its energy sector, and the implication on the economy (Auer, 2001, pp. 1-7). 1.1 Statement of the problem Although there are abundance reserves of both natural gas and petroleum in Mexico, the problem of energy insufficiency persists in a country that is trying so hard to set its path towards positive economic growth figures. The ever-growing economic demands in the country are slowly but surely outpacing the ability of Mexico to produce additional energy. To make matters worse, the poor infrastructure in the exploitation of these two fundamental sourc es of energy has made the country loose millions of dollars due to the flaring up of natural gas. Additionally, the government has been on the receiving end for not investing enough in the energy sector thus, affecting the exploration and production of these basic sources of energy. Inadequate investment from the private sector is also another impediment facing the energy sector in Mexico. The lack of storage facilities for refined oil is also another challenge facing Mexico, as this forces the government and other energy sector players to import at least 25 percent of gasoline. Major infrastructure projects happening in the energy sector in Mexico have almost come to a standstill due to budgetary constraints. For

Ancient Religions Essay Example for Free

Ancient Religions Essay The ancient Norse religion was commonly followed and practiced by people in northern regions of the world, such as Scandinavia, Norway, Iceland and surrounding countries. It was believed that the world first came about when a northern and southern land, Niflheim and Muspellheim, both joined together. Niflheim (house of mists) , an extremely cold, icy land and Muspellheim (home of desolation) the seemingly opposite of Niflheim, a hot, fiery land. As both lands joined together, the reaction of the contrasting temperatures caused the ice of Niflheim to melt creating the first two living creatures Ymer, the giant and Audhumla, a female cow. From these two the first Gods were created (Odin, Vile and Ve), and from them the first human beings were created by Odin from an elm and ash tree. Due to a disagreeance between Ymer and the God’s, the giant was killed and from his body, landforms and other living races were created. The gods were revered by many as they were the creators of the races and established the different parts of the world, the world tree or Yggdrasil included. The Yggdrasil is one of the principal beliefs in Nordic religion as it was known as the centre of their nordic universe, the world tree was said to have held nine different realms within its branches. The realms were situated in different areas of the tree at the top, within the canopy; Asgard (heaven) was located. This is where many gods lived including Odin in Valhalla. In addition to Asgard two other realms Vanaheim (home of the fertility god) and Aflheim (home of light elves) were located at the highest level of the world tree. These realms were known as â€Å"divine†. Norse folk believed that Midgard, the middle section of Yggdrasil held the human world. Along with midgard, Nidavellir, Jotunheim and Svartalfhiem, home of the dwarves, giants and dark elves were also present here. At the third and bottom level of the tree the two lands that created the first living beings are found. It is believed that Hel, the place of death, is part of the harsh, destitute lands of Niflheim. Hel is connected to one of the three main root of the world tree and it is known as the underworld, the second root leads to Jotunheim( realm of the giants) and the third is connected to the divine realm, Asgard. The roots linked together the different levels and realms of the tree, likewise Bifrost, a magical bridge located between Asgard and the human world, Midgard was another connection between realms, allowing gods an entrance into the mortal world. The Influence of the Nordic beliefs in society was great as followers of the ancient religion could identify with the extreme life conditions and harsh weather that was also portrayed in the Nordic creation story. The Norse saw their conditions of life as a blessing from the gods and often used these gifts to the greatest advantage for example men often became farmers, cultivators, tradesmen or traders. Women in Nordic society also searched for meaning and insight from the gods as they held powerful positions in the religion. Women played a strong part in the community and often had to run the villages when the Viking warriors were away. The Norse strived to maintain a balanced lifestyle from the influence of what they had learned and incorporated from the gods. Odin was known as a wise and great warrior and many Viking men chose to follow the same path by becoming a warrior also. I was believed that one of the only worthy ways to die was to die in battle. This factor greatly contributed to the decisions of the Norse men. When a warrior died in battle he would go on to Valhalla, in the divine realm, if not they would go to Hel. The Norse people not only sought meaning from the gods, but from the actions and rituals they performed.

How Does Willy Russell Create Mood Essay Example for Free

How Does Willy Russell Create Mood Essay In the Summer Sequence Willy Russell’s three main protagonists are shown to grow up from the ages of 15 to 18, thus becoming adults throughout the song. This means that the sequence acts as a watershed in the respect that it marks a major turning point in the play. This is shown through the atmosphere that Russell creates, which goes from fairly positive, hopeful tone to a more cynical and desperate one over the duration of the sequence. Russell uses several techniques to create these atmospheres throughout. In the opening of the Summer Sequence the atmosphere is clearly a happy one, which is shown by Russell by using words like â€Å"young, free and innocent† to describe the characters. In this section, the word â€Å"innocent† is used twice. This repetition emphasises their youth and their naivety. â€Å"You haven’t got a care†, suggests Russell is trying to create an image of the characters as being without concern, completely free of worry so it reinforces the absolute happiness of the characters. Another adjective that occurs later in the song is â€Å"immortal† which at this stage of the play creates an atmosphere of excitement and spontaneity because the children can’t conceive of an end to their current lives. A technique that Russell uses starts to use here is imagery, â€Å"street’s turned to paradise†, the word â€Å"paradise† bring to mind an idea of secure and complete happiness, which is how he describes them in this verse. Another technique is personification, â€Å"radio’s singing dreams†, giving the radio the ability to do something that brings happiness or joy. This line also works the first time the motif of dreams appears, one that recurs throughout the sequence. The next notable part of the sequence is entirely stage directions, and shows the characters at a fairground. In this part of the sequence the most obvious technique is foreshadowing and motifs arising. In it, Linda is just ignored by the narrator, who is running the stall, when giving the gun to them, but the boys both insist Linda fires it, which is reminiscent of the beginning of the play when Linda takes the airgun from Mickey and beats him at firing at cans. Linda also used to control their social situations, â€Å"let’s throw some stones through them windows†. This scene is also very reliant on the gun motif that runs through the entire play which creates a darker and more sinister atmosphere, and that suggests a level of violence. The fairground scene is also reflected in the musical choice, which is fairground-like music that plays to the tune of ‘Tell me it’s not true’, the song Mrs Johnstone sings at the very beginning of the play while her two sons lie dead on the stage. So, again this ties in with the audiences’ awareness of the boys’ tragic fate, thus, creating a foreshadowing atmosphere and suggests impending tragedy. This links with the gun motif, as together these themes create a sense of impending violence and death. The last line of this section of stage directions is â€Å"Linda is caught in the middle, the game freezes†. This creates a dark atmosphere as throughout the play Linda is always seen to be caught in between the two boys, but so far, it has never ended badly. In this instance, however, it foreshadows the fates of all three characters. The use of the word â€Å"game†, referring to a game of piggy-in-the-middle, could suggest that the context of the play when Linda gets caught up in her own happiness which eventually leads to the tragic fate of the twins. Overall, this section is of a darker tone than the last, but this atmosphere is created through the subtext, so the audience may not be fully aware of why they feel this way about the atmosphere. This is featured through the presence of the narrator, who throughout the play appears on stage to signify or prompt something negative to happen. He hands them the gun, and prompts the game of piggy-in-the-middle that Linda gets caught between. The next section uses metaphors to create a dark, impending atmosphere, that is more openly sinister that the previous section. Russell refers to the characters are â€Å"Lambs in spring†, which suggests not only their innocence and naivety, but an inevitable fate, specifically one that is forced upon them, not of their own doing. This explicitly refers to the brothers’ fate in a way in which the last section didn’t, so the tone is far more marred by the eventuality of their deaths. This date is also referenced when Russell extends the metaphor, â€Å"fate the later seasons bring†, which causes the audience to remember the scene at the very beginning of the play, preventing them from being drawn into the initial happiness of the three teenagers in this sequence. Again, it refers to Linda being caught in the middle of the pair, foreshadowing their final argument. It also refers to Linda paying a â€Å"price†, a theme that was initially shown in the song ‘Easy Terms’, sung by Mrs Johnstone, and in both cases foreshadows the price they’ll have to pay for their involvement in the twins’ lives. The music becomes far more serious and sinister, a repetitive tense note with no actual melody. In the next section a recurring theme is shown with the references to time. This creates a sad, melancholic atmosphere, as the audience is aware of the character’s significant lack of time together, but the characters are not, so their happy unawareness and this dramatic irony is slightly poignant. Again, fate is reference by the narrator â€Å"care not for what’s at the end of the day†, again forcing the audience to remember the fate of the boys, this enhances the melancholy mood of the section. â€Å"What is to come, what might have been†, references both the eventualities of the play, whilst also suggesting they could have been happy, that it could have they could have been happier, depressing the mood even further. It is made poignant by the characters’ blissful ignorance, â€Å"life has no ending†¦Talk away the night†, which ties in with the earlier references of immorality. Again, this dramatic irony, where the audience know that the boys’ lives do have endings that are fast approaching, almost makes the audience beg them to not waste their time talking â€Å"away the night†. â€Å"Share your last cigarette† also ties into the earlier scene where Mickey and Eddie share things, such as sweets and later cigarettes, they promise to share things in their blood brothers pact; but they cannot share Linda. Arguably the downfall of both brothers, meaning that this watershed’s atmosphere is wholly dark. In the next section it is all stage directions, but Russell uses foreshadowing and the use of the narrator’s presence to create a seemingly happy atmosphere that still foreshadows tragedy. In it, the trip are taking photos of each other at the beach. In the one between Eddie and Linda, Eddie down on one knee and demonstrating affections by kissing her hand. Throughout the play, Linda has shaped Eddie’s personality and actions, such as coercing him to throw rocks, and Eddie has appeared to like her from the very beginning and so this foreshadows the dynamics of their later relationship. Mickey and Linda’s photo does the same, as Mickey â€Å"pulls a distorted face†, and Linda chastening him for it, which foreshadows Mickey’s later dependency on medication, and Linda’s efforts to help him get off them. This foreshadowing of tragic events, in a way that appears innocent creates an  eerie, disconcerting atmosphere. As there are no words, it can’t openly reference what’s to come, but uses what the characters think is a harmless and happy moment. This is compounded by the musical choice, which is again ‘Tell me it’s not true’, as fairground music. Again, this foreshadows the final scene, creating a foreboding atmosphere without explicit reference as to why it appears that way. In this scene we see the characters taking pictures of them at the beach, these photos are memories of the last time the three of them are all truly happy. Therefore, the photographs signify the end of their childhood and innocence and dreams. This made clearer by the narrator being the one to take the photographs, thus being the one who signifies the end of their childhoods and lives. The children literally become adults at the end of the beach scene in the Summer Sequence, as well as metaphorically. Because the narrator is a sinister figure throughout the play, and usually is there to prompt the occurrence of something tragic, it creates a sense of impending tragedy even more obvious in this scene. The picture that the narrator takes is of them all together, happy, so he not only brings their childhood to a close, but also their happiness and friendship. In a sense, he symbolises reality as he intrudes on their happiness, despite their ignorance and the audience’s desire for him not to do so. He also represents society as it is eventually social constraints of class and wealth that divide the two. This way the audience are forced to see the society that they are part of and this is the factor that brings the story to an end. The fact that he appears to them as a friendly, even helpful, face increases the audience’s wariness of him and therefore the sinister nature of the scene. The overriding atmosphere of the scene is the last section is one of desperation and uncertainty. Russell uses metaphors such as â€Å"broken bottles in the sand† to symbolise a man-made impression on something naive and happy, which symbolises the characters’ friendship and how it is affected by class. The motif of a dream is repeated, as is the theme of innocence. The references to dreams ties in with the song tell me it’s not true, which refers to dreams. The reference to innocence here again makes the trio seem devious to the fact that they will be subject to tragedy.